Java, an utilized programming language was developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems in 1995. Known for its platform independence Java allows code to be executed on devices equipped with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). This language is predominantly employed for creating desktop and business applications along with systems. With its object oriented nature Java incorporates functionalities such as inheritance, polymorphism and encapsulation. Code, in Java is compiled into bytecode. Subsequently run on the JVM.

JavaScript

JavaScript, developed by Brendan Eich at Netscape in 1995, is a scripting language primarily used for web development. Unlike Java, JavaScript was designed to add interactivity and dynamic content to websites. It is a client-side language executed directly by web browsers, and it supports event-driven, functional, and procedural programming styles. JavaScript has a simpler syntax compared to Java and is not strictly object-oriented.

Key Differences Between Java and JavaScript

Typing and Syntax

Java: Statically typed and object-oriented. It requires explicit declarations and follows a strong type system. Java uses curly braces and semicolons to define code blocks and terminate statements.
JavaScript: Dynamically typed and prototype-based. It allows for more flexibility and dynamic typing, relying heavily on function expressions and closures.

Programming Paradigms

Java: Class-based and primarily object-oriented, with an emphasis on encapsulation and inheritance.
JavaScript: Supports both procedural and functional programming styles, with a focus on code reusability and prototypical inheritance.

Execution Environment

Java: Code is compiled into bytecode and executed on the JVM, making it platform-independent.
JavaScript: Code is interpreted and executed directly by web browsers.

Purpose and Use Cases

Java

Java is versatile and used in various domains:

Standalone Applications: Java's platform independence allows it to be used for applications on different operating systems.
Web Applications: Java is commonly used to build scalable and secure web applications using technologies like Java Servlets, JSP, and JSF.
Mobile Applications: Java is the primary language for Android app development.

JavaScript

JavaScript is essential for web development:

Front-End Web Development: Used to create interactive elements and dynamic content on websites.
Server-Side Development: With Node.js, JavaScript can also be used for building server-side applications.
Full-Stack Development: JavaScript allows for the development of both front-end and back-end applications using a single language.

Examples of Popular Applications

Java

Android OS: The most widely used mobile operating system.
Apache Tomcat: A popular web server and servlet container.
Minecraft: A well-known video game.

JavaScript

Twitter: Uses JavaScript for real-time updates and dynamic content.
Gmail: Heavily relies on JavaScript for a smooth user experience.
Google Maps: Uses JavaScript for interactive maps and location services.

Java is typically used for building enterprise-level applications, while JavaScript dominates front-end web development, though it has expanded to server-side with Node.js. Understanding these differences helps developers choose the appropriate language for their specific needs.